body problem essays

mind/body problem essays Of all the topics that are currently occupying the attention of philosophers, the Mind-Body problem is at center stage. It is one of the classical metaphysical issues concerning the relationship between that which is mental and that which is physical. The simple question asked is: what are we? Are we a mind, a body or both? The issue has its origins in the ancient dualism of Plato and since then many solutions to the problem have been offered. D.M. Armstrongs The Mind-Body Problem gives rise to all the possible solutions to the problem. In his writings, he accurately depicts the views of others, as well as his own. Armstrong wants it to be clear that all theories of the mind-body relation get involved in a certain amount of difficulty. The thing that we have to try and judge is what sort of theory seems to come off best [with] all things concerned. It is not and easy task(20). Out of the many possible theories, the Dualistic approach seems to be the weakest in trying to p ose a solution, while the Eliminative Materialistic approach appears to have the strongest hold on answering the never-ending question. According to Dualism, the human person is composed of two completely different substances: the mind and the body. The body, or physical substance, is essentially located and extended in space, inactive, lifeless and unthinking. The mind, or mental substance, is essentially active, living, thinking, and, though located in time, not located in space. Altogether, the human person is some sort of union of a mind and a body(9). This form of Dualism, which seems to be the least plausible in offering a sufficient answer to the mind-body problem, is more commonly referred to as substance dualism. Perhaps the most famous advocate of substance dualism was Rene Descartes, a 17th century philosopher who put forth a tremendous influence on the religious and scientific communi...

Learning to Edit News Stories Quickly

Learning to Edit News Stories Quickly Students in news editing classes get plenty of homework that involves - you guessed it - editing news stories. But the problem with homework is that its often not due for several days, and as any experienced journalist can tell you, editors on deadlines must usually fix stories within a matter of minutes, not hours or days. So one of the most important skills a student journalist must cultivate is the ability to work fast. Just as aspiring reporters must learn to complete news stories on deadline, student editors must develop the ability to edit those stories quickly. Learning to write rapidly is a fairly straightforward process that involves building up speed by banging out stories and exercises, over and over again. There are editing exercises on this site. But how can a student journalist learn to edit more quickly? Here are some tips. Read the Story All the Way Through Too many beginning editors try to start fixing articles before theyve read them from start to finish. This is a recipe for disaster. Poorly written stories are minefields of things like buried ledes and incomprehensible sentences. Such problems cant be properly fixed unless the editor has read the entire story and understands what it SHOULD say, as opposed to what it IS saying. So before editing a single sentence, take time to make sure you really understand what the story is all about. Find the Lede The lede is by far the most important sentence in any news article. Its the make-or-break opening that either entices the reader to stick with the story or sends them packing. And as Melvin Mencher said in his seminal textbook News Reporting Writing, the story flows from the lede. So its no surprise that getting the lede right is probably the most important part of editing any story. Nor is it surprising that many inexperienced reporters get their ledes horribly wrong. Sometimes ledes are just very badly written. Sometimes theyre buried at the bottom of the story. This means an editor must scan the entire article, then fashion a lede thats newsworthy, interesting and reflects the most important content in the story. That can take a little time, but the good news is that once youve created a good lede, the rest of the story should fall into line fairly quickly. Use Your AP Stylebook Beginning reporters commit boatloads of AP Style errors, so fixing such mistakes becomes a big part of the editing process. So keep your stylebook with you all the time; use it every time you edit; memorize the basic AP Style rules, then commit a few new rules to memory every week. Follow this plan and two things will happen. First, youll become very familiar with the stylebook and be able to find things more quickly; second, as your memory of AP Style grows, you wont need to use the book as often. Dont Be Afraid to Rewrite Young editors often worry about changing stories too much. Maybe theyre not yet sure of their own skills. Or maybe theyre afraid of hurting a reporters feelings. But like it or not, fixing a really awful article often means rewriting it from top to bottom. So an editor must cultivate a confidence in two things: his own judgment about what constitutes a good story vs. a real turd, and his ability to turn the turds into gems. Unfortunately, theres no secret formula for developing skill and confidence other than practice, practice and more practice. The more you edit the better youll get, and the more confident youll be. And as your editing skills and confidence grow, so too will your speed.

Ethical and Moral Issues in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical and Moral Issues in Business - Essay Example For instance in India a person that eats cows is considered immoral by the majority of society due to the fact that the cow is a sacred animal. In America eating cow meat is a moral act. Managers of corporations often face ethical dilemmas in their decision making process. The decision of closing down an American factory in order to open up an operation in a foreign country is an example of an ethical dilemma. Many people belief that American corporations should look out for the best interest of its home country. Patriotism is a moral view that is very popular in the United States. The other side of the coin is that the company can lower its operating costs and increase profitability by closing down the factory in the U.S. and moving to an emerging economy such as India, China, or South Africa. Either decision is justifiable depending on the moral view of the company and its managerial staff. Personal ethics and business ethics are two distinct concepts that sometimes collide with each other. Characteristics associated with personal ethics include spirituality, virtue, morals, and altruism (Lichtman, 2010). A person’s personal ethics can influence his buying behavior. A person that has strong beliefs in environmentalism is more likely to buy an electric or hybrid car. Personal ethics may also influence other decisions in a person’s life such as his nutrition, religions beliefs, and lifestyle. The personal ethics of an individual determine how much he cares about others. People that are socially conscious are more likely to donate money to non-profit organizations such as Feed The Children. â€Å"Ethics is the activity of man directed to secure the inner perfection of his own personality† (Schweitzer). A critical success factor for companies in the 21st century is business ethics. Business ethics refers to moral principles concerning acceptable and unacceptable behavior by business people (Answers, 2012). Business ethics differs from personal ethics in

Human Resources Management in the Navy and Marine Corps Term Paper

Human Resources Management in the Navy and Marine Corps - Term Paper Example Strategies like Sea Power 21 and Marine Corps Strategy 21 are being used to define the paths to meet future uncertainties emerging from the rapidly changing global environment. In order to overcome the emerging challenges the naval operations must be technologically armed through scientific and technological innovations. The army is required to improve its tracking mechanism in rightly identifying terrorist operations with considerable accuracy and thereby to act promptly. In turn the strategic levels concerning tactical, operational and strategic operations with the support services create further development of the army personnel. The naval personnel operating along the above lines are thereby required to exhibit higher amount of competencies, be much aware to the changing situations and to act accordingly. To sum up the modern naval force needs to speed up their activities, be flexible to the changing environment and must be accurate and sure in countering such. Hence, the process es built during the cold war era in the naval system are observed to have become outdated. Thus emerges the need for a newer process known as Naval 21. (England, 2003) The paper in this light aims to highlight the changes in human resource practices in United States Navy and Marine Corps on a wider plane. The Human Resource Management Operations in the United States Navy require sea changes in respect to some key areas. In regards to Workforce Structure it is observed that in the current system the structure is hierarchical. The model was developed to fit in all situations. However, the Naval 21 Model emphasizes in the creation of a flat organization. It states that the flat organization would help in empowering employees with increased responsibilities. Moreover, the technology used in the Human Resource Operations currently is observed to be fragmented. The deployment pattern of the fragmented technology is found to be slow in pace. Thus the Naval 21 Model

Superman vs. Christ Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Faster than a speeding bullet, stronger than a locomotive, jumps tall buildings in a single bound.† Superman is known throughout the world for being the savior of a city called Metropolis. In every comic book, movie, or action figure ever presented to the public, Superman is a handsome, strong man who can defeat all odds at all times. The movie Superman was a success, showing how the superhero saved lives and yet lived a humble life. As one watches the movie, though, he might notice the many similarities between the plot of the movie and the story of Christ’s coming. Superman, savior of the city Metropolis, mirrors the Savior of the world, Jesus Christ. Throughout the movie Superman, the names and the actions of the characters were similar to those of the Holy Bible. Two of the major name references to the biblical version deal with Superman (Kah-lel) and his father, Jor-el. In the Greek language, the name Jor-el means â€Å"God,† while the name Kah-lel means â€Å"Little God.† Another instance where the name game is played is in the case of Superman’s parents, Martha and John. It does not seem as if there is any other way to make these names be closer to Mary and Joseph, who are the parents of Christ. Zod and Ursula are two other characters present in the movie whose names may not be similar to those in the Bible, but represent the devil and all that is considered evil. These are some of the examples of how the use of names plays an important role in linking Superman the movie to th...

Evacuation

Evacuations have become more common in today's world than many people realize. They are majorly the results of fires, floods or any calamity that occurs within our homes. Other storms like hurricanes upon their occurrence make mass-scale evacuation. Some occurrence takes place as a result of the activities done by man on land and some exist naturally. For example, transportation and industrial accidents that take place end up in releasing harmful substances at homes, places of work or along the water bodies, which make people to leave their homes and even places of work. However, the amount of time one leaves depends on the nature of the hazard. In case the event is in form of weather condition, you might have a day to ready. Some disasters do not give people time to pick their basic necessities and they end up vacating without any single asset. For this matter, planning ahead is very essential.An organized evacuation can result to either confusion, injury to the people vacating or damage of the property vacated. Therefore, when developing an emergency action plan, it is important to determine factors like the conditions under which evacuation would be necessary, evacuation procedures like routes and exits. Some important symbols also include fire, emergency and disaster planning diagrams, stairwell, security camera, sprinklers, and roof access, among many others. In this plinth, the paper aims at designing a well furnished evacuation plan with proper mapping, planning exit doors, and the plan for the disable. It will also pinpoint the importance of planning in advance for evacuation as well as stating some of the safety equipments and alarms. The safety equipment herein is good quality smoke detector, regular maintenance and the survival kits in case of emergency.Mapping Map is very instrumental in the design of evacuation plan. It provides instant clarity during the occurrence of the event. Some of the elements to consider include the basic layout of the property like the walls and the doors. This is very important because it help in showing the outside of the property for the people to go to in case of the emergency. The compass in the corner is also instrumental and it should indicate the direction of North with a capital letter â€Å"N.† The exit points like the doors should be left wide open most of the time for clear accessibility during exit. The marshal area, the point where the evacuees meet should be safe and a distance from the building site to provide enough protection from fie and any onsite peril like chemicals and explosive materials.Planning in Advance Apparently, planning in advance help in preventing most of the problems thereafter. Planning should start as far as the foundation of the building is laid. In planning, there should be a well stated chain of command, the person responsible for assessing the situation, the one in charge of high building, and even notifying the emergency services. It is important to plan and make everyone knows his or her role and be trained how to perform it. For instance, posting an evacuation plan on each floor, and identifying a trained personnel helps a lot in the getting people out in case of the disaster. The personnel ensure that everyone is accounted for and taken care of during the event. Planning for a visitor managing system also assist in the provision of a digital visitor log, this in return helps in account for any of the non-employee who might be present in the building during the occurrence.Planning Exit doors and Surveying the SiteSpecific evacuation procedures should be well planned and designed. Location of the emergency equipment like, routes, and exits like the doors, windows, should be marked and kept clear, open and safe all the time. They should be without any obstructions. In case of any building with interior spaces like the stairwells, painting should be done for clear visibility. Also, survey should be done in these places regularly to and reports made to the personnel responsible so that in case if damage, repair is made at an early stage. Evacuation plan suitable for disabled people Managers and the owners of institutions have the sole responsibility of providing the emergency facilities for people with disability. Disability like hearing, visually, speech, mentally should be taken care of. The elderly persons and children should also be considered in this case. A means of communication to people with hearing and seeing problems should be provided so that they are accommodated in case of the event. Color coding for the room identification should be simple and easy to identify for the disabled. Moreover, the employees should be taken to seminars and workshops and trained adequately on how to handle unexpected behavior as well as providing necessary assistant to people with such problems. Additionally, they should be made aware on how to handle mentally impaired persons and make good attempts to communicate with them efficiently, in a loving and caring manner.The Importance of Planning in Advance for EvacuationIt is important to understand that disasters are has to happen in every society. The response and recovery of the disaster starts and end at the local level and therefore it is important for the community to work together so as to prevent, avoid or control the occurrence of such phenomenon. Advance preparation ensures that most of the problems are controlled or saved. It is very important to alert the family members or the workers on how to respond to the cyclone watches and warnings for it helps them escape the danger within a short period of time. Children at the age of between nine and eleven when taught how to call police or fire department will help them save their lives in case they are alone in the house. Listening to instructions from the officials in various departments within the office helps one to prepare in advance to vacate the room when they inform you to do so. The fly away kits, which are the small bags or backpacks that contain family documents like the identification cards, the ATMs, credits cards should be kept in plastic bags to keep them dry most of the time. The kit helps in gathering most of the items like medicine, money and any important document before departure. Maintaining important credentials like the education, birth, marriage certificates, immunization records easily allow the foreign workers to grab their files quickly and plan for their travel back to their home countries or the adjacent states for safety.Testing the Escape Plan Plans must be checked, assessed and updated sporadically to ensure that they are up to date. Any contingency plan is better than failing to plan completely. It is important to test the workability of the plan to ascertain yourself that it is functional. Practicing the plan made underway will ensure that the problems and the weaknesses in the plans are identified at their primary stages and the corrective measure taken before everything goes a mess. Practicing also enables the planners to exactly know what they are required to do and where they should go at what particular time.Safety Equipment and AlarmNo one plans for an emergency or disaster, especially the ones that affects their lives. The truth is that the emergencies and disasters can strike anyone, anytime and anywhere and therefore preparing for them is very essential. One can be forced to vacate the house, work place or company at the time he or she least expected. In this precept, it is important to avail the safety equipment and alarms so that in case of any emergency, one is caught on the safe side. Good Quality Smoke Extinguishers and Fire Detectors Fire detector and smoke extinguishers is very appropriate and should be very effective. It must be able to sound a strong warning to all people within the premise in all circumstance. In as much as there are different types of fire alarms, one should consider the appropriate one for that risk assessment. Before installing the detector system, it is inherent to discuss with the local fire authority and advise accordingly. There are series of factors one should consider before installation. Ensure that the escape route is short, clear passageways to all the escape routes, the escape are kept free from any obstructions. It is very instrumental to install the emergency lighting system so as to provide enough light in the room in case of the event.Regular Maintenance Maintenance should be done regularly to ensure that the systems are in good conditions always. The personnel should do frequent check up on the workability in order to avoid the last minute rush. During assessment, the personnel may require that you provide portable multi-purpose fire extinguishers so that people on your premises can tackle a fire in its early stages. These fire extinguishers should be installed, tested and maintained in accordance with manufacturers' directives. In smaller business grounds, you may only need one or two transportable extinguishers. However, larger, big premises require a number of portable extinguishers, which are situated in suitable locations. Survival kits in case of Emergency The employees may need personal protective equipment to help them vacate the room in case of an emergency. Protective kits and equipment must be based on the likelihood of the hazard at work place and the ability of the workers to use them. Some of the safety kits in this case are the safety glasses, goggles or the face shields for protection, the chemical suits, gloves, hoods and boots for body protection against chemicals. It also important to have the hard hats and the safety shoes for head and foot protection. ConclusionIt is inherent to state that evacuation plan is very fundamental in our day to day life. It is not only used at home, but also in offices, big and small companies and any enterprise because a disaster is never planned for. It can occur to anyone, anywhere irrespective of the statues, social class, or the geographical locality. When planning for the evacuation plan, it is important to take care of all groups of people, the able and the disabled, the young and the old, and those living in low and high roofs. Also, it's important to take the preventive measure to avoid the occurrence of the event both at home and at work place, and in case it takes place there should be ways through which the victims find their ways out. Maintenance of the equipments used is very vital since it helps in ensuring that they are in good conditions always. They should also be tried always to ensure their workability and to avoid not only using them during crisis.

Frontier Policy and the Maintenance of the Pax Romana

Frontier policy and the Maintenance of the Pax Romana Tiberius and Claudius The Imperium Romanum (Roman Empire) was a vast domain containing large territorial holdings in Europe and the Mediterranean. Beyond the empire however consisted of barbarous nations that were a constant threat to the Roman boundaries. For this reason, it was necessary for well-functioning frontier policies to be administrated and sustained to protect the outskirts of the empire from invasion. During the Julio-Claudian dynasty both Tiberius and Claudius established many effective frontier policies during their Principates. In addition to securing the frontiers, both also provided stability in the empire through the maintenance of the Pax Romana (the peace of†¦show more content†¦In spite of this the mutiny in Pannonia elevated. According to Tactius, Tiberius was criticised for sending two half grown boys (Tacitus, Annals pg58) and essentially endangering the State instead of personally dealing with the situation. He justified that it would have been foolish to leave the capi tal. Furthermore this would have focused all the attention at one end of the empire, leaving other frontiers vulnerable to invasion. The Pax Romana was a legacy from Augustus that was maintained throughout Tiberius Principate. Tiberius was vigilant in making sure efficient government and fair taxation occurred throughout his domain. Abuses of power, especially in the provinces, by governors or the business class were not tolerated, you may sheer my sheep, not flay them! (Tiberius). In addition he oversaw the actions of curators, who were responsible for suppling essential services in Rome. These actions were significant as it shows Tiberius as a capable leader who provided fair conditions for all the people in Rome and the provinces. Law and order was essential to make certain that peace remained in the empire. Tiberius through many means upheld the Pax Romana, for instance his appointment of a City Prefect who in conjunction with the urban cohorts were accountable for keeping law and order in the city. This position allowed there to be constant attention placed on ordinance, providing a more efficient system. Other steps enacted