CHAPTER 4 Example

CHAPTER 4 Example CHAPTER 4 – Coursework Example Necessary and Sufficient Causes Necessary cause is a situation, which must exist for a consequence to follow. To convict a person, charges of criminal offence exists where the person pleads guilty or found guilty of the offence. Sufficient cause is a state that assures for the result in question. When a person pleads guilty, that is a sufficient cause to convict the person (Maxfield and Babbie, 86).Reasons why both necessary and sufficient causes are difficult to identify in social sciences Validity of casual implication clarifies weather it is correct to conclude that a cause, which produced an effect for validity is an estimated truth to a conclusion. When something is valid, reliable evidence supports whether the inference is correct to a degree (Maxfield and Babbie, 87). A researcher is never certain of a cause thus making approximate, an important word in conclusion of a cause. Since it is difficult to establish the rationality of a casual inference, there cannot be absolute jud gment on whether statements about cause are correct. The social scientists address the various validity threats to determine whether the conviction of a person base on sufficient or necessary cause (Maxfield and Babbie, 88). In statistical conclusion validity, there is determination on whether the suspected cause statistically associates with the change in suspected result. Validity threats refer to potential false deduction about a cause. If a research shows that use of illegal drugs leads to people committing crimes, the researchers’ interest is to know how the crime committed relates to the use of drugs. If drug users commit equal crimes with nonusers and there are equal proportions of criminals and non-criminals who use drugs, it will be difficult to measure relationship between the criminal offence and drug use (Maxfield and Babbie, 88). Work CitedMaxfield, Michael G. and Earl R. Babbie. Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology. Washington: Cengage Learning, 2010.